Physical education sba for gcse free essay sample

Performed not only as a requirement for the Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate,(CSEC) I can only reemphasize along with the colleagues that this has quite easily been the most noisy, tiring yet exciting sports activity that I have taken part in. And even though the sun was shining and the spectators were cheering I have learnt a lot and have immensely enjoyed this once in a lifetime experience. This feeling of utter enjoyment came in the form of a Volleyball Tournament. Played by the respective houses of St. Roses High School, it has brought everyone together. As I go along I will explain in detail the various steps that caused this tournament to be such an unbeatable success. Report The first stage of planning involved forming a conclusion as to what event would be carried out. This decision was based mainly on our financial status, availability of equipment, and the time frame needed to properly and effectively complete this task. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical education sba for gcse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Upon examination of this information and careful debating of my colleagues’ and my superiors’ suggestions, it was agreed that a Volleyball tournament was the most appropriate. Subsequently, our organizing committee went on further to allot a specific time, date and venue for the tournament. Prior to this, as the rules were confirmed and affixed, the entry fees and dress code was taken into consideration along with any other suggestions. It was concluded by this party that the tournament be held on the 30th November, 2012. It would commence at 11:00 hours decided that the weather was accommodating as the St. Roses High School Hard Court lacked a cover of any sort. With these pressing matters sorted out, we were allowed to move on. However, we ran into another obstacle, into the designation of, which persons would be assigned to the specific roles. With the event creeping upon us, we were forced to make decisions and quickly. Subsequently, our decision making party was busy in the upcoming days. Finalizing our decisions and plans were of utmost importance. With an abundance of willing participants the team captains of the respective houses were allowed to select their creme de la creme; promising a competitive yet entertaining tournament. The day was upon us. There was a good turnout of supporters as there were high expectations of the participating teams. Due to some discrepancies between the respective players, the tournament was forced to begin at 11:25. The trophies and champagne bottles were lined up on full display for competitors and spectators alike. The sun was shining brilliantly in the sky causing the champagne bottles to be removed and be placed in a refrigerator. Consequently, the part of our team consisting of the scorers, first aid officers, and the competition secretary was placed in a more shaded area which only improved our view of the game. After setting up the score sheet, we were seated as the players warmed up with various routine exercises. The rules were read out and the whistle was blown signaling the commencement of the first game of the tournament. In the first game of the tournament, Loretto and Merici played. The atmosphere suddenly cackled with tension as a rally began then almost immediately as a point was scored, spectators replied with loud hoots of encouragement. Loretto played hard, living up to their game motto of,†Play hard, no mercy†. In the first set, Merici won by eight points but in the second set, Loretto returned with a vengeance snatching the victory by a mere five points. It was now the last set to end the first game. Spectators and officials alike paid keen attention. The referees were alert in their judging, the journalists anxious to capture every moment. In fifty six minutes, Merici had been acclaimed the winner of the first game. Following this game, Brescia and Cologne played for the next eighty two (82) minutes. Entering the game, feeling an overwhelming sense of confidence, Cologne left the following remarks, â€Å"Best wishes to my opponents†. The game was well played, whereby Brescia claimed the first set but Cologne won the second set by a margin of five points. The third and final set was very close; the winning house victorious by a mere three points. â€Å"Cologne was a very strong and competitive. Gave them a run for their money but the best wins† was the response from Brescia, the triumphant team. Cologne defended their loss by mentioning the incompetence and blatant biasness of the referees. Next up, playing were the teams Lima and Merici. This game beginning at 02:40 and ending at 03:10; was over soon as Lima immediately dominated over Merici. This game concluded after only two games as Lima strutted off the court victorious. In the first game, Lima won by five points, only to increase their winning points in the second and final game by seven points. The finals were now. The teams stretched their muscles and warmed up their bodies. Everything was put in place by both to increase their chances of winning the Inter – House Volleyball Knockout Tournament. In the first round, beginning promptly at 15:40 hours, Lima and Brescia fought valiantly. What Brescia lacked in team work, they made up for in spirit, their game motto said it all,†In it to win it†. Everyone cooperated as the journalists communicated with both the players and spectators alike. The moments were captured accurately by the sports journalists as the players sported their game faces as their fist connected with ball. Brescia worked for their victory as one of the teammates from Brescia did irreversible damage to his shoes. His bottom souls literally peeled away leaving him playing almost barefooted. But he was determined to lead his team toward victory so he stormed on mashing on pebble and rocks all for the overall prize of his team’s victory. In a time span of fifty eight minutes (58), Brescia was victorious in both the first and third sets but Lima took the spotlight in the second set. Even though Lima lost the game, portrayed was a fine example of cooperation. The trophies and prizes in the form of non – alcoholic champagne were handed out the respective winners. Although Brescia had won most of the games in the finals, Lima managed to achieve the highest number of points overall. All in all it was a fine show of clean competition as both teams shook hands and tapped each other on the back all the while complimenting Lima on a game played well. Moments were captured with cameras, blackberries and other electronic devices. Rules of tournament Criteria for judging Each player must pay an entry fee of $200. Team members must be from the same house. Only 3rd to 6th form students are allowed to play. All players must be clad in their respective house colours. These are listed as: Cologne Lorretto Brescia Merici Lima A maximum of (8) eight players per house. Deadline for all registrations must be completed by 19th November, 2012. Roles and Responsibilities Tasked with the honorary role of acting as one of the two Competition Scorers, the researcher was to abide by the following rules. These responsibilities include: To keep track of the score throughout the respective volleyball games. To note the lineup of each team before the game begins and inform the respective referees if the lineup was not received on time. To ensure that when and if a substitute player arises to inform the referee promptly. General Reflection An event so vast did not disappoint. With many spectators around the staff was quite efficient in the proper execution of their duties. As usual there were some hurdles that presented themselves, which contributed in making the game more interesting. Honored with playing the role of one of two official scorers, the researcher was always in the middle of the game. This without doubt, turned out to be the most interesting official position in a volleyball tournament. This role was the deciding factor between the victor and the loser of the tournament. The referees handled their positions well. Any disagreements were taken care of with the utmost level of sportsmanship. In making decisions, patience and fairness were always incorporated. Not only were the linesmen busy but the journalists also were always on their feet, hungry for remarks and action. These busy officials were well communicators as spectators and players alike had no problem relating to them, answering their questions comfortably. The competition secretary was always present at her station not once giving into distractions from her colleagues. Not to mention, the first aid officers were quite remarkable in their work. Players arrived at their station with a grimace and left with a satisfied smile. The competition director was always on the patrol for any incoming disasters. This official chatted regularly with her fellow officials and paid keen attention to what they were saying. All in all, this competition brought together us students through teamwork and cooperation. Obstacles were cleared out of the way resulting in a successful volleyball tournament. Everyone put a great effort, no one complained and even though the heat was somewhat suffocating, everything was carried out in a professional and calm manner. Glossary Committee – A group of people officially delegated to perform a function, such as investigating, considering, reporting, or acting on a matter. Communicators – To express oneself in such a way that one is readily and clearly understood. Competition A test of skill or ability; a contest. Contribute To give or supply in common with others; give to a common fund or for a common purpose. Director One that supervises, controls, or manages. Disagreement – A failure or refusal to agree. Duty The compulsion felt to meet such obligation. Event A significant occurrence or happening. Execute To put into effect; carry out. Finals the deciding part or parts of a sports or other competition. Honour great respect, regard, esteem, etc. , or an outward sign of this. Hurdles An obstacle or difficulty to be overcome. Obstacle – One that opposes, stands in the way of, or holds up progress. Opponents – One that opposes another or others in a battle, contest, controversy, or debate. Requirements – Something obligatory; a necessity. Respective – Relating to two or more persons or things regarded individually; particular. Responsibilities Something for which one is responsible; a duty, obligation, or burden. Spectators An observer of an event. Sportsmanship – The fact or practice of participating in sports or a sport. Stage – The scene of an event or of a series of events. Staff A group of assistants to a manager, executive, or other person in authority Supporters – One who promotes or supports. Task A piece of work assigned or done as part of ones duties. Team – A group organized to work together. Tournament – A series of contests in which a number of contestants compete and the one that prevails through the final round or that finishes with the best record is declared the winner. Effective Having an intended or expected effect. Bibliography Caribbean Examinations Council: Physical Education and Sports Syllabus, the Garrison, Barbados, 2005. Fivb. org/ score sheet manual Fivb. org/ coaches manual Fivb. org/volleyball Appendix Attentively waiting; in anticipation of the coming volleyball. Careful planning on how to win their game. Attentive and vibrant spectators. Score sheet for the first game. Referee Stanley pondering quite deeply on who is to receive the rally point to. First Aid Officer working diligently on her patient. Official Scorers at work. Volleyball Tournament: Order of Match Entry Form ST. Rose’s High School Class of 2013 Inter – House Volleyball KNOCKOUT Tournament Date: Friday 30th November Time: 11:00Hrs Location: St. Rose’s High School Hard Court Division: Male Guidelines for entry Each player must pay an entry fee of $200 Team members must be from the same House All players must be clad in their respective house colours Only 3rd to 6th form students are allowed to play TEAM MEMBERS Team Captain Player Player Player Player Subs Subs House Master/ Mistress Signature Due Date: 19th November 2012. Sample Score Sheet for the Volleyball Tournament Conclusion All in all, this was a memorable experience as everyone thoroughly enjoyed themselves from my perspective. There were many supporters who attended school for the mere reason of cheering on their colleagues and house mates. To conclude, although there were obstacles they were â€Å"ran over† as a team and although there were arguments, it was broken up as a cooperation; anchored by the prospect of everyone carrying out their responsibilities to the best of their abilities.

Topics to Avoid in Application Essay for College - Paperell.com

Topics to Avoid in Application Essay for College Topics to Avoid in Application Essay to Enter Your Dream College An introductory essay is one of the most important parts of your application, when enrolling in a prestigious educational institution. Your essay is your reflection not only as a student but also as a personality, and the commission needs it to know you better. Therefore, this paper has to be brilliant. Apart from the correct structure, appropriate language, and other important details, one thing that can influence the committees impression about you is the topic that you choose. That’s why it is important to know what college application essay  topics to avoid. In college, the admission committee examines in detail all the papers and draws on them the conclusion about whether a student is really worthy to study at this institution. An essay is a creative assignment, and there is no unequivocally correct way of doing it. But you need to understand what not to write about in a college essay to enter.If you write about yourself honestly and captivatingly, your chances of admis sion will increase significantly, while a poor or overused college essay topics will limit your possibilities.You should keep in mind, that from the motivation letter depends on whether you will be admitted to the university or not. If you need help, it is more relevant to use a college paper writing service.How NOT To Write Your Admission Essays For The CollegeAvoid grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes (reread the text several times!).Do not get lost in your thoughts, do not use jargon, do not try to impress the reader, using abstruse words, and do not write poetry or rhyme.Avoid slang and professional jargon, and words in which meaning you are not confident.Do not deviate from the topic, do not repeat and do not write boringly (ask someone to read your essay, and evaluate it).Take enough time to write a letter. Postpone motivation letter for a few days, then read it again.It is not enough just to list your achievements, awards, skills or personal qualities, you need to b ring relevant examples.Do not copy motivational letters from the Internet. Admissions officers read more than 1,000 essays a day, so they easily recognize such a letter and sends it to the garbage.To write a good motivation letter, you need:Highlight your motivation letter from others. To do this, carefully consider the introduction, and that it clings the eye from the first lines. Do not write like Hello, my name is .Indicate achievements in the non-academic sphere (music, sports), show that you are not obsessed with learning, but you are a versatile person.Indicate how your experience can be useful for the university, what do you have, what other students do not have. Tell what made you who you are now.These Most Overused College Essay Topics Are Better To AvoidYour letter is not an anecdoteIn other words, you do not need to write your text in the comic form. If to talk about clichà © college essay topics to avoid than jokes and unserious themes/stories are distinctly on the list . You have to be responsible, but it does not mean that joking is completely forbidden. All you need to do is not to take a joke or a funny story based on your paper. Other words do not choose topics like Funny situation happened to me/my friend, It will make you cry from laugh, etc.Do not complainTraumas, tragedies, poverty and so on are also examples of bad college essay topics. It is possible that in life, you have gone through many difficulties and trials. After all, life can be very hard and not fair, and sometimes problems can fall even on children. But this is your personal experience, which you should keep to yourself, so it is something you should not focus on in your application paper.Many people who read students texts very tired from complaining and can take it not very seriously. Good variant for you is just to choose another theme. So avoid topics that have a message close to such: It was hard, but I survived it, From village to the big city, It could kill me, but it m ade stronger, etc.You should not teach the reader how to liveStill, have a question what not to write in a college essay? The answer is a morality for the reader or any advice is one of the biggest college essay topics to avoid.It is possible that you understand something that your reader not, or you have a unique experience. Possibly, you even have something to teach the reader and there is very good and useful advice, but you do not need to do this! Risks are not justified, as you can be misunderstood and this will bring you the opposite result from the expected. This experience will help you to avoid problems, Advice which I can give from my experience and so on, are not the best titles for your text.Talk only about yourselfPraise yourself is clichà © college essay topics which no one really likes. Do you understand what is at stake? You will look like a narcissistic teenager in the eyes of the teacher, because they are not familiar with you yet, and can only judge by the text. You should have a sensible assessment of yourself and your personal achievements and be honest with yourself and with the commission in your text.Politics and religion are main topics to avoid for college essay Are you confident in your belief? Especially while you are young your opinion changes with the speed of light, and we advise you not to touch such clichà © college essay topics to avoid like politics and religion. Its good that the opinion is changing, means you are actively developing and learning new. But the theme of religion is very personal and very serious for many people, and it is better not to conduct a discussion and reasoning on this score.The topic of politics can also be acute for many teachers or even students and may even create a conflict of interest. You do not need this, nor choose a different theme. For example: I can not understand people who believe in God, Liberalism is the one politic view which should exist, and all in this style are impossible to wri te in your paper.It is not your autobiographyDo not build text in the style of an autobiography. Of course, you will be told about yourself, but not about where you were born in which kindergarten went, who brought you up, and who prepared breakfast for you in school. Do you see the difference? Tell only about important events in your life, and only about those that fit the theme of your university. Only about those events that will show what you should enter the college and the collaboration will be successful for everyone. Other words try not too overused personal information in your motivation letter. In addition, such themes like My parents are proud of me, My life for the last 5 years, I love my life and what I’m doing can be boring for the committee.Once again, keep in mind that your task is to convince the admissions committee that you are interested in this program that you need to enter this college. And the second task of your application letter is you have to sell yourself to the university committee. Whether you doubt in your energies, you can always buy an admission essay for college. The main task the selection committee should understand that they want to see exactly you, and it is you who will make a great contribution to this program. You can read some samples  to see how you can reach this goal.Good luck with your paper, carefully double-check no less than 5 times and do not forget about topics to avoid in college essays. Spend leastwise a week writing the first university text. With the second, third, fourth, it will be easier because you will simply add, delete or edit some information.

Cardiac Muscle Excitation Contraction Mediated From Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Biology Essay

Cardiac Muscle Excitation Contraction Mediated From Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Biology Essay In cardiac muscle, excitation-contraction coupling is mediated by calcium-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptors that are activated by calcium entry through L-type calcium channels on the sarcolemmal membrane. Although Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release triggered by the L-typed calcium current is the primary pathway for triggering Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, there are many other mechanisms that can also activate Ca2 + release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum such as Calcium induced calcium release (CICR) induced by T-typed calcium current, CICR triggered by calcium influx through Na+/Ca2+ exchange, and CICR mediated by calcium through tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Ca2+ current (ICa,TTX). As calcium is an important second messenger which is essential in regulating cardiac electrical activity as well as being the main activator of the myofilaments to which cause cardiac contraction. Mishandling of calcium is thought to lead many pathophysiol ogical conditions.  Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in regulating intracellular calcium and therefore contraction of the heart, may help to prevent and/or treat pathological conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias or heart failure by using therapeutic agents targeted at modulating intracellular calcium. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Calcium transport in ventricular myocytes 3 Figure 2: Six possible mechanism of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling 9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LTCC = L-type calcium channels CICR = Calcium induced calcium release ECC = Excitation-contraction coupling NCX = Sodium-Calcium Exchange SR = Sarcoplasmic Recticulum ICa = Calcium current ICa,T = T-type calcium current ICa,L = L-type calcium current ICa,TTX = Tetrodotoxin-sensitive calcium current RyRs = Ryanodine Receptor [Ca2+]i = Intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]Tot = Total concentration of Calcium PKA = Protein Kinase A LVH = Left Ventricular Hypertrophy HOCM = Hypertrophic obstructiv e cardiomyopathy Introduction In heart muscle cell, the depolarization of action potential is due to the entering of Na+ ions via voltage gated Na+ channels and it is called fast inward current. The immediate repolarization is not possible due to rapidly inactivation of Na+ channel and initial depolarization allow the entering of calcium through voltage-grated Ca2+ channels and it is called second or the slow inward current. The rate of sodium channels inactivation is more rapid than that of calcium channels so that Ca2+ enters into the cell providing the membrane potential to close to 0mV for some part of action potential of heart muscle (Reuter, 1984). Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is the process in which an action potential triggers a myocyte to contract. In excitable muscle cells, the excitation signal causes rapid depolarization that produces the physiological response of contraction. Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger, important in both, regulating the electrical activity of the heart as well as stimulating the myofilaments directly to cause contraction (Bers, 2001). In mammalian cardiac myocytes, the process of ECC is mediated by Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space that triggers Ca2+ Calcium – induced Calcium release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (Bers, 1991; Stern & Lakatta, 1992). When action potential reaches the myocyte, causing it to undergo depolarization, which causes calcium ions to enter the cell through L type calcium channel located on the sarcolemma and thereby trigger calcium release from the SR. Calcium influx and the intracellular calcium concentration trigger the contraction of heart due to binding of Ca2+ to cardiac muscle fiber protein, troponin C. For activation of SR calcium release, the L-type calcium current is the most widely accepted mechanism thought to be responsible for CICR. However, SR calcium release can also be triggered by calcium influx through sodium-calcium exchange, calcium infl ux via T-type Ca2+ current or through tetrodotoxin-sensitive Ca2+ current, or Inositol (1,4,5)-triphosphate (but not so much in cardiac muscle). Declining of calcium level in the cells cause the detachment of calcium from myofilament and resulting in relaxation of the heart. There are four main pathways for Ca2+ transport out of the cytosol including SR Ca2+ ATPase, sarcolemmal Ca2+-ATPase or mitochondrial Ca2+ uniport and sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchange. (Bers, 2002).

Direct and e-Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Direct and e-Marketing - Essay Example One of the basic principles of the Direct Marketing is usage of a database for storing personal customer data and their purchase history. Roll notes that fundamental benefit to the business is that you are able to treat your existing customers in a different way to new prospects and thus create loyalty and maximize profitability. (Roll 2003) So the main purpose of the Direct and e-Marketing for Les Cadeaux Gourmets is to carry out an active strategy and to get more sales from the returned customers. Customer lifetime value (also variously referred to as lifetime customer value or just lifetime value, and abbreviated CLV, LCV, or LTV) is a marketing metric that projects the value of a customer over the entire history of that customer's relationship with a company. Use of customer lifetime value as a marketing metric tends to place greater emphasis on customer service and long-term customer satisfaction, rather than on maximizing short-term sales. (Wikipedia). As Les Cadeaux Gourmets spend some money for advertisement to attract a number of customers, it would be unreasoned to loose them. Calculating customer lifetime value will help company to know exactly how much each customer is worth in dollar terms and therefore exactly how much a marketing department should be willing to spend to acquire each customer. Thus it would be possible to range customers from the most profitable to the least ones and to concentrate the company's efforts on the most profitable customers. Use of customer lifetime value can also help to predict what customers will buy over years. For example, if Mary Smith buys a toy for a 4-year baby in 2005, she will probably order a toy for a 5-year baby in 2006. If Mr. Jones buys bath & body care pieces in March three years in a row, it's possible to make a conclusion that he makes presents for the birthday of his wife and send offering with new products to him in the next March. So Les Cadeaux Gourmets should truck its customers' purchases and use them for planning its advertising campaign. Also the company should monitor customers' responses over time for as long as the relationship with them lasts. Geodemographic profiling uses detailed information based on postcode to match differing lifestyle profiles to the customer database. Postcodes do not resolve down to individual addresses but provide pretty good targeting. Les Cadeaux Gourmets can use geodemographic division of customers into some categories and then offer its goods to each specific category. For example, customers ranking by nationality allows taking into consideration national traditions. Les Cadeaux Gourmets can congratulate customers from Israel with Hanukah, customers from the Middle East with Ramadan and wish other customers Merry Christmas. As a result of this national-specific proposals could be sent to each category. Use of external database with information about postcodes and countries also allows choosing seasonal proposals: in winter there is cold in the US and hot in Australia. Les Cadeaux Gourmets can use this information for advertising of clothes and other season-specific goods. Special databases cover such categories as consumer expenditure, crime statistics, business and employment, and many others. One of the more powerful special databases is called a segmentation system. A segmentation system is useful because it allows users to add another dimension by displaying lifestyle clusters

Paintings - Amalgam of Emotions and Cultures Essay

Paintings - Amalgam of Emotions and Cultures - Essay Example The paper "Paintings - Amalgam of Emotions and Cultures" will focus on how the art of paintings has been viewed in two different cultures namely the African culture and the Asian culture by throwing ‘light’ on the rock art and paintings that was practiced by the Asian and the African people. The painting media followed in both the cultures will also be discussed. â€Å"African paintings first emerged as those that still appear on rock and in caves.† The African paintings were discovered in Nambia and are thought to be approximately 27,000 years old. (Plessis). In addition, there were nearly 30,000 rock paintings scattered throughout the Drakensberg Mountain in South Africa. (Plessis). Thus these artistic medium was used by the ancient Africans to convey certain types of information, depict the day to day activities, to relate to certain key events and importantly to communicate with the spirits of the ancestors. Thus in this manner the rock art was used a vital li nk between the physical and the spiritual worlds. On the other hand, the Asian Paintings encompasses a wide array of paintings and sculptures from different parts of Asia. Thus each geographical area has developed their unique style of expression, painting styles and methods, techniques, etc. They were the blend of various cultures and traditions. â€Å"The Asian paintings reflect influences from different religions and cultures.†The Chinese paintings are considered to be one of the oldest paintings among the Asian paintings. The Japanese paintings are known for their varied styles. The themes of historical significance and the Buddhist themes are portrayed in the Korean paintings. The Indian paintings on the lines of African paintings originated from the caves and they date to the pre-historic period. Thus all form of the Asian cultures has their unique style and history. With this brief introduction about the Asian and the African paintings, the next concept about the views of the rock art and paintings in the Asian and the African culture will be discussed. Rock art was a common way of expressing emotions among the ancient Africans. Thus it has been estimated that Africa has more number of Rock art sites than any other continent and they are widely distributed. (Plessis). Archeological reports reveal the fact that in most parts of the African continent namely Zambia, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa has the densest concentration of the rock art. â€Å"The region has both the rock engravings (Petroglyphs) and rock paintings (Pictographs).†(African Rock art and Painting). Especially the South African rock art encompasses the rock paintings of the hunters-gatherers, farming communities, etc. On the other hand the Asian rock art was considered to be the mixtures of aesthetics which reveals the events and philosophy of the past. Thus in the evolution of mankind from the Homo erectus to the Homo sapiens, these Asian rock art depicts the images of the early man. The Asian rock art unlike the African art started 40,000 years ago during the upper Paleolithic era. The custom of rock art also followed in the Mesolithic age and it gained its final development in the Chalcolithic era. Among the Asian rock art paintings, the Indian Rock art are considered to be the most ancient and significant since they reflect the development of the Indian civilizations of Indus and

Performance Appraisal Essay Example for Free

Performance Appraisal Essay Performance appraisals are designed to give an objective on the evaluation of an employee’s performance and also outline the measures or development for improvement that would be essential to the organization to move ahead (Chandra Frank, 2004). In the healthcare system, there is an unsatisfied measure that the outside companies are used to perform these appraisals. The staff would like to do the evaluations themselves so that there is a relationship built between the employer-employee. I will look to determine what an employee appraisal consists of, how healthcare tracks the quality of work that is done by an employee. A mock performance appraisal will be evaluated based upon the scores that the employee received and from those scores will look to develop an action plan for recommendation to improve the employee’s quality of work. There will be an establishment of the current trends of recruiting, selection, and development as well as the future trends as to where employee appraisals will be in the future based on the effectiveness of new technology and theories. Performance Appraisal Performance appraisals are important to the organizational productivity and the career development of an employee (epa. ov). A current performance appraisal was conducted on an Environmentalist Senior Government employee. This review was completed based upon the duties and responsibilities of this employee in an in depth performance evaluation. Inside of the evaluation included a breakdown of the performance of the goal and objectives that was to be performance by the employee. By analyzing the goals and objectives a semi-annual inspection was performed, a semiannual monitoring was performed, an in-service training evaluation, and a 26-30 day are center inspection took place. This appraisal will affect the overall job performance of this individual and will depend upon the future contributions that this employee will have within the organization. Tracking Quality of Work The best practice is to have a standardized, quantified, and automated employee review process that is essential to track employee progress and maximize productivity in the workplace (employeeperformance. com). The practice of emPerform would be the best practice to use for employers to track performance. EmPerform is an easy-to-use web-based employee performance management solution that automates vital employee performance management processes. These would include online appraisals, goal management, 360 degree multi-rated reviews, online surveys, succession planning, compensation management, development plans, and reporting and analytics (emperform. com). In order track the review process documentation should be provided to the employee to keep towards providing a record of all the efforts they have attempted by employee to avoid any dismissal of employment or any other discrepancies. Mock Performance Appraisal Based upon the performance appraisal of the employee there are areas that she achieves in based upon the categories of leadership, customer focus, job knowledge, as well as organization and productivity. On the other hand, there are areas that need improvement and does not exceed or achieve the job description in detail that should be put into place on a daily basis. The score of 44 was calculated and per each category the employee received 36 points of achievable expectations and 8 points that stood out for requirement improvement. Once the scores were added up to (44/20) and tallied there was a score of 2. 2 of the employee performance. Because of the areas that need improvement, there should a laid out action plan between the employee and employer as to how these goals can be achieved for success for future performance appraisals. The best practices that would provide a fair and accurate performance appraisal would be to support an employee with favorable feedback. In order to achieve the improvement within the areas, there should be a clear erformance of communication of the expectations. Development of educational skills should be provided in a learning capacity so the employee will know what to do and what not to do. In addition, Greguras et al. (2003) research has shown that the purpose of the rating (decision-making versus development) affects the ratings that are observed. Action Plan Recommendation Based on scores of the employee the best feedback for an action plan recommendation would be a 360-feedba ck. Within the 360 feedback it would be a tool of support between the employee-employer conversations. It can be a powerful element of objectivity that will make an employee better understand their strengths and blind spots of their job performance. The best practices to implement the 360 feedback would be to ensure that the organization is ready for this evaluation process, make sure that the purpose is clear for using this tool, start at the top to select the right tool, and eliminate any destructive feedback towards an employee (Horowitz, 2008). The purpose of this action plan towards a 360 feedback give an employee a chance to resolve a performance that would need improvement and also give the supervisor a guidance tool and regular on monitoring towards measuring the progress of the employees future appraisals. Current Trends In today’s society of completing performance appraisals for the employees, human resources are starting to come under fire as to how successful performance appraisals really are. With the emphasis on teamwork, shared leadership, and an ongoing struggle to find and retain qualified employees, it’s a model that is falling increasing out of favor (Fandray, 2011). The most important objective towards successful appraisals within performance management should provide strength of guidance to their employee on the best strategy in the direction of improvement. A strong succession plan aims to present a foot print to probabilities to get to the next level of the job. Although there are organizations that are finding the downfalls of performance appraisals, it is an ongoing process to fine tune what could make future appraisals a trend to build strength between employee and employer. Future Trends Performance appraisal can be the future to enhance communication and productivity with employees. Executives have stated that they have observed a trend towards more frequent reviews aimed at boosting future achievement rather than grading past activity (Fleming, 2003). Hiller, a vice president of administration for Stanford Federal Credit Union, in California, uses an employee performance plan based on accountabilities determined by the job, employee, and the manager. The plan lists goals or behaviors associated with each accountability, which are reviewed on a quarterly basis(Fleming, 2003). I have to say that accountability should be the one of the main reviews towards performance appraisals amongst employees. In the healthcare the future trends of employee appraisals will be the eAppraisal Healthcare. Halogen eAppraisal healthcare will offers organizations an affordable and convenient way to automate time consuming paper-based appraisal processes. It will better enable an organization to perform clinical competency checklists and even orientation checklists (aha-solutions. org). With this appraisals systems health care will be more than in the 21 century it will give providers a more professional quality of giving appraisals that will empower human resources strategy and they will always be ready for the surveyors from the Joint Commission, OSHA, ACHA, or any other regulatory agency. The future trends will hope bright towards computers and making paper-based appraisals nonexistent. Conclusion A good performance appraisal can either break or make an organization as well as an employee’s job status. It can bring a development of organizational skills for the staff member to give a bigger picture as to what is expected of them, and provides information for the employer as to whether or not that employee should receive a raises, promotion, or dismissal from the job altogether. An effective system should be used to break the barriers of the downfalls within the organizations to help develop employees mentally and physical stability that companies look for from their staff. Appraisals can be helpful in many ways to build confidence, but on the other hand when they are delivered the atmosphere and the communication are key components to the outlook of what will come in the future. Appraisals often go into a halo effect, this takes place when the supervisor outlook of the staff member is based on a specific characteristic, in regards to appearance as well as intelligence (Tvedt, 1986). Employee Appraisals will always be a tool that will have constant positives and negatives, but it is up to how it is delivered and pursued to bring a successful outcome.

National Conflict and Dispute Essay example -- Anthropology, Culture C

Introduction Disputes and conflicts are mostly caused by race, gender, culture, language, ideologies and religion. These factors are inter-related for it shows the differences of people in every way that causes arguments, debates and misunderstanding either internationally or locally. Numerous times of debates and advocacy between who is dominant and who is subordinate has been a great input in the making of our history which until now, is still being added. Disputes and conflicts in this era is just repeating history therefore, history speaks for itself. Since the study of anthropology is studying humanity either cultural, past societies, physical or language; it studies how and why the society has been formed the way it is now. One of the most interesting fields of anthropology is linguistic anthropology for language is known to influence our social life. Additionally, it also explores how language shapes people’s communication and how it organizes cultural beliefs and ideologies. Fifty years ago, the study of culture conflict for anthropologist was limited to people who lived in close proximity to each other (Beeman, 2008). Before, anthropologist mostly studied the factions living in the same society and restricted themselves in conflict and violence within the country and not between countries. However, anthropologists today study conflict between nations based from their studies regarding the conflicts within the nation. Knowledge and understanding of the history will help in understanding why certain disputes and conflicts are still at large. Conflict and Dispute One of the unforgettable conflict and dispute of all times is the September 11 bombing—the era of troubled and difficult times between the Unite... ...to stand together to fight for their common goal. The conflict between the United States and Middle East is because of the misunderstanding of the other parties’ purposes. Conflicts and dispute does not only happen between two nations but also within the country. Different races and ethnicity is the reason why individuals in one society have conflict—also misunderstanding with what each race and origin wants. Monoglot standardization is not a solution that can be easily implemented since it will create more misunderstanding between races. If performers can understand and respond to a verbal duel whereas mostly the words are with double meanings, then it is also possible to understand the language and meaning of the races different from the other. This will happen if people will learn how to listen and not by mere hearing.

Cyber security threats Essay

Cyber threats are constantly evolving thus increasing the need to hedge and tighten the security measures to ensure that one is protected while using the cyber space. Cyber threats are made more complex especially due to the increasing globalization and use of cyber space in most of the parts in the world. This has caused a major security threat which calls for better security measures installation to counter some of the threats which are well organized by some individuals. Some of the major cyber threats include phishing, adware also known as spyware, cyber shopping and browsing, data safeguarding and also threats a user faces while using networking sites (AnonIC. org, 2004). Common cyber security threats, how to recognize and how avoid them One of the major cyber security threats is referred to as phishing which refers to the attempt to get access to sensitive information which may include passwords of other users, their user names and even credit cards. This is a criminal offense and is usually carried by individuals who purport to be working with a renowned electronic communication entity which is trusted. Phishing is usually used to obtain credit card and bank account information of a person thus enabling the attacker to obtain money from a person in a fraudulent manner. Installing security and spyware prevention software can help in reducing phishing (Warren, S2005). Spyware also referred to as adware is another cyber security threat that faces the cyber space users. Spyware refers to a form of software that once installed in a computer; it may send an advert which redirects a cyber space user’s browser to some selected web sites. Once one logs into such webs, this enables the attacker to monitor the sites which are visited by the cyber space user. These are usually used by attackers mostly for malicious purposes. Some the symptoms which indicates that a computer has been installed with spyware include pop up windows which are endless, redirection to a web site which is not the original one a person had previously typed in the browser, unexpected toolbars which are new to a web browser of your computer, change of search engine, error messages which are usually random start appearing in the window of a computer and sudden changes in the home page of a browser among other symptoms. To avoid spyware installation to a computer, one should avoid clinking links which appear on pop up windows. This is because most of them are spyware products which once clicked their install the spyware system in a computer. Closing the pop up windows would be essential in avoiding spyware installation. At times, unexpected questions may be posted in the pop up windows. Clicking â€Å"no or cancel† buttons would help in reducing the risk of spyware installation in a computer. Adjusting the preferences of the browser may also be helpful in reducing the pop up windows as well as cookies in the computer (McKenzie, 2008). Social networking sites are also mostly targeted areas by attackers hence they pose great cyber security threats. Instant messaging (IM) and chat rooms are highly targeted networking sites which are used in obtaining personal information about a person. IM is mostly used within companies by employees to ensure constant communication. While IM usually involves one on one communication, chat rooms are more wide and can be used by more that one person simultaneously. As such, while chatting, it is possible somebody else is following your conversations thus posing greater risks of impersonification and also the information is not protected. For a person to hedge himself from such risks, he should install security measures in his browser system. One of the way one can ensure safe chatting, messaging or even browsing is by constantly adjusting the default security setting in his computer. Disabling all automatic downloads and limiting certain interactions to only some users may help in reducing the cyber security threat. A person should also avoid revealing sensitive and vital information to strangers. Verifying the person one is chatting or messaging is also important in ensuring that the information one shares is made confidential. However, this may not be applicable especially in public chat rooms which are not restrictive. Updating the security software frequently is also vital in ensuring safe use of cyber space (National Cyber Alert System, n. d). While using social networking sites, one should remember that internet is usually public and unrestrictive. A person should thus give minimal information about his confidential information like addresses and bank accounts. Being skeptical about some information on the mail is also important in ensuring one is safe while using the networking sites. Some of the stories in the cyber space are usually false thus taking precautions is vital. Online shopping has grown tremendously especially due to globalization and the subsequent introduction of e-commerce by most corporations. Online shopping gives attackers a chance of obtain information about a person. Financial position of a person is usually targeted by attackers who use such information to make their own financial gain by selling the information or making other purchases using the information of buyers. Computers which are not protected from viruses are the most vulnerable to manipulation by attackers. It is easier to gain access to a computer which is not protected and obtaining vital information regarding a person. Fraudulent sites and also messages in the emails are also used in obtaining financial information of online shoppers. To ensure safe online shopping, a person should ensure that an up to date anti virus software is installed as well as an anti spyware software. This would ensure that Trojan horses and also viruses do not take away data or modify it in a person’s computer. Updating web browser regularly by installing software patches would help in reducing the vulnerability of being attacked (National Cyber Alert System, n. d). To reduce the risks of password alteration and monitoring by attackers, one should ensure that he evaluates the computers software settings regularly to ensure that the default settings are still in operation. Securing the web browser is also vital in ensuring safer cyber space usage by a person. Sensitive information sent via the cyber space should be protected with a password only known to the users. Passwords should also be updated and reviewed regularly to ensure they are secure and that the information contained in the computer is also secure (AnonIC. org, 2004). Practicing good home computing habits may also help in reducing the risk of cyber security threat. This may be done by ensuring that the computer is locked always when one is using it. This would ensure that no unauthorized person is capable of tampering of with the information contained in the computer. Internet disconnection while not in use at home reduces the risk of virus attacks which are usually to monitor and modify a computer. The home security setting should be updated regularly as well as software updates. One should also ensure that the password being used for computer is not easy to guess by other people. Ensuring that there are no people in the vicinity keying in the password to the computer would help in protecting information contained inside the system (AnonIC. org, 2004). Conclusion Cyber crimes have been on the rise with more and more cases being reported daily. It is thus to take essential precautionary measures to ensue that one is protected from cyber attacks. High technology being used by cyber attackers has also necessitated constant upgrading of the security measures one uses to protect his or computer system and network. Ensuring that a computer is always protected and have updated securing and passwords would help in reducing cyber security threats in the country. Reference: AnonIC. org (2004): Computer Security. Retrieved on 25th March 2009 from, http://www. anonic. org/computer-security. html. McKenzie, G. (2008): Recognizing and Avoiding Spyware. Retrieved on 25th March 2009 from, http://www. nationalcybersecurity. com/articles/144/1/Recognizing-and-Avoiding-Spyware/Page1. html. National Cyber Alert System (n. d): Cyber Security Tip: Good Security Habits. Retrieved on 25th March 2009 from, http://www. us-cert. gov/cas/tips/ST04-003. html. National Cyber Alert System (n. d): Cyber Security Tip: Understanding Hidden Threats: Corrupted Software Files. Retrieved on 25th March 2009 from, http://www. us-cert. gov/cas/tips/ST06-006. html. Warren, S. (2005): 12 steps to avoid phishing scams. Retrieved on 25th March 2009 from, http://articles. techrepublic. com. com/5100-10878_11-5818568. html.

Erik Erikson Psychosocial Stages Essay

To summarize this article is basically showing the identity development from a lifespan perspective. This article discusses the different developmental stages from childhood stages until the adulthood stages. In order to better investigate or research these stages they make use of Erik Erikson’s psychological theory to do so. After researchers did the studies they found different patterns of psychosocial balance which were found for each identity style with largely consistent findings. Included in this article are the research findings from empirical studies. It seemed for many individuals identity development is a lifelong process that ranges well past the years of adolescence. Summary of the Theory The person identified with this theory is Erik Erikson. Erikson’s psychosocial theory is composed of eight developmental stages which span throughout the course of life. Each stage presents the individual with a natural task or conflict that they must successfully resolve to proceed with development. He placed a great emphasis on sociocultural factors because he believed these strongly influenced developments. Erikson believed that childhood identification is the foundation for identity formation in adolescence. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity, (ego identity develop through social interaction). The concept of this theory emphasizes that humans continue to change and develop throughout their lives and that personality is not exclusively formed during the early childhood years. This idea is helpful and optimistic and many believe it is too realistic. According to Erikson our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experiences and our daily interactions with others. This concept was very powerful for self-awareness and improvement, and for teaching and helping others. Erikson’s model of psychosocial development is a very significant, highly regarded and meaningful concept. Life is a series of lessons and challenges which helps us to grow. Erikson’s wonderful theory helps to tell us why. This theory is very helpful for child development and adults too. Erikson believed that his psychosocial principle is genetically inevitable in shaping (mind) and social (relationships). HE also referred to his theory as â€Å"epigenesist† and the â€Å"epigenetic principle,† which signified the concepts relevance to  evolution (past and future) and genetics. Erikson explained his use of the word â€Å"epigenesist† thus â€Å"epi† can mean above in space as before in time, and in connection with genesis can well represent the space- time nature of all development. Like other seminal concepts, Erikson’s model is simple yet very sophisticated. The theory is a basis for broad or complex discussion and the analysis of personality and behavior, and also for understanding and for facilitating personal development- of self and others. Although Erikson’s theory provides useful information, there is some limitations with his theory. For instance his theory does not suit when explaining different types of personality differences that exist among individuals. Such personality differences are listed in the 5 factor model of personality: extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness. Personality differences can affect the outcome solving psychosocial crisis. Critical Analysis of the Articles Use of the Theory The theory was used to explain the life span of human beings life over the course of childhood to adulthood. The theory was very suitable for this article because it helps to explain human behavior. Those eight stages of the psychosocial theory explain how identity is formed. The theory also clarify that the ego as well as internal and external motives determine individual’s behavior. The theory also helps to explain that role confusion can lead to a very different human experience and it causes the individual to question one’s personality. In the article the theory was used to help individuals understand that identity is a major part of one’s self. However, if an individual does not master in these psychosocial phases, then there is a conflict with one’s identity and interferes with the development of the person. Research shows that identity development continues to be an ongoing process throughout adulthood. The process of forming an identity involves creating a logical sense of self. The theory also helps to understand that childhood experiences are the most intellectual, articulate, and prominent times of a person’s life. I think there’s a relationship between our theory and article because the theory we were assigned focuses on Cycle social. This theory argues that events and stages of society and history are generally repeating themselves in cycles. In our article it discussed Erikson’s Developmental stages and how they were effective from childhood to  adulthood. After reading our article and better understanding Erikson’s theory it all makes sense. Each developmental stage is used in order to allow one to grow with each age. Erikson was keen on improving the way children and young people are taught and nurtured, and it would be appropriate for his ideas to be more widely known and used in day-to-day life, beyond the clinical and counseling professions. I evaluated that this theory ties into my article perfectly because the cycle social theory is basically about the cycle we go through in order to change and grow as humans. The article discussed each psychosocial stage that Erikson came up with while doing his research.

What is investment and an introduction to investing The WritePass Journal

What is investment and an introduction to investing Introduction What is investment and an introduction to investing IntroductionWhat is investment and an introduction to investingFactors to consider to when investing in a companyLiquidityProfitabilityCapital structureGearingInvestor relationsShare price trendsCorporate social reportingCompany background Marks and spencerEasyjet Profitability for marks and spencerConclusionRecommendationsReferencesRelated Introduction What is investment and an introduction to investing Investment is a term to describe in business, which is totally dependent on how money or capital used to buy assets or where as the financial instruments which is to create profit return which is used to relating to the interest and income. The different types of investment used in finance are when purchasing securities or any other financial assets that are purchased from the capital market. Investment describes that when you are buying in the capital market it shows that a market has a high liquidity. Real life examples of investment include buying properties, gold, silver, insurance companies and cars. (http://finance.mapsofworld.com/investments) Financial investments are when investing in stocks, bonds or any type of investment.   Indirect investment is when investing with a third party such as the bank, pension funds which are available for old people and also there is a account which is made for students to invest in. Factors to consider to when investing in a company The factors to consider when investing in a company is how the company is generating profit for the next five years The next factor is that look at the company’s share prices and how well the company is performing on the London stock exchange. The main point of investing and putting money in a company is that how much returns on investment that they will get back. Investors should also look the newest addition of the annual report and analyse what so good in that company compared to others to invest in that company There is also a 50/50 chance of losing money when investing in a company and there is also 50 % chance of getting more money than you have invested in. Investing also contain huge amount of risk. Liquidity Liquidity in the finance terms refers which has the ability to change assets into cash quickly in order to repay the debts, which refers to a current liability.     The main points of liquidity in a company is that to meet the needs for liquidity where as the company must have the needs for cash because this shows that the cash in hand is relevant to the company can earn more cash or borrow money by paying off the debtors.   The liquidity of a company also depends on the short notice of cash, the cash in hand and also what the company reputation is in the financial market. Www.Riskglossary.com/liquidity Profitability Profitability is a word to describe how a company can generate or make earning form their products. The purpose of profitability is to help investors look at how the company has been performing over the two years and also they do this by using the profitability ratios and this is used to help the investors how the company has been performing over the two years and also the investor may choose one of the best companies to invest in. The profitability ratio measures seven different ways of how a company is using and how are they making their profits. The main points of profitability ratios are the gross profit and operating profit margin. investopedia.com/terms/p/profitabilityratios Gross profit is where the costs if goods have been sold which shows a percentage of sales. The gross profit margin shows how good the company or business is performing and how are they controlling their costs and also the stock of their products where as it is being sold and given to the customers. The bigger the gross profit it is showing that the company will get a higher amount of profit. Operating profit margin is where earning before interest and taxes which is included in the comprehensive statement which measures how well the company is performing overall efficiency and also showing all the expenses incurred for the period and also the business activity that the company is doing. http://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/profitabilityratios/default.html Capital structure Capital structure is how a company receives their money to help investors of how to finance or manage their money in an organisation. The purpose of capital structure in a business is that it shows where to allocate the shares in order to purchase new financial assets, which they must sell the shares in an organisation to buy the new assets. investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalstructure.asp Gearing Gearing is when a business or organisation manages or receives it money to the business activities that what exactly are they doing. Example of gearing includes bank loans, debentures, loans and shareholders.   A company or business which can use gearing to analyse which tells the potential investors that a company with a high gearing ratio is going to be weak in investing because it probably will not have the money is financed by long term loans where is shows there is a low gearing ratio is for shareholders and for retained earnings. investopedia.com/terms/g/gearing.asp Investor relations Investor relation in business states that it how a company or organisation gives financial data about the company and also shows how well they are doing financially to the shareholders. investopedia.com/terms/i/investorrelations.asp Share price trends Share price trends is where it shown on the London stock exchange which looks at company’s shares prices and looks at what has happened daily, weekly, yearly and monthly. All the UK based companies are FTSE 100, which are the best 100 companies in the UK Corporate social reporting Corporate social reporting in business looks how well an organisation is how good a company stabilizes. For example how a company create products for the environment the product must be eco friendly and it also look at the social factors and environmental issues of when a company is creating a product. consultnet.ie/Corporate%20Social%20Reporting.htm Findings Company background Marks and spencer Marks and spencer is one of the biggest leading retailers in the UK as they achieve very high profits such as net and gross. Marks and Spencers also consider how to attract their customers and also expand their marks and spencer branches locally and internationally.   Marks and spencer also think about future plans of how to improve the profitability and also Marks and spencer’s have recently have been making organic food to help customers to eat healthy and it was made to make the environment a better place to live. Marks and spencer annual report pg 1 Easyjet Easyjet is one of the successful and leading airline companies in the UK and Europe.   The purpose of Easyjet is to give customers the value for moneys and safe when travelling with Easyjet.   Easyjet also offers a good product and airline fares which apply to leisure activities and business, which is in a range of UK and European routes. Easyjet annual report pg1 Profitability for marks and spencer Marks and spencer is one of the biggest retailers in the UK because it shows they are able to generate high profits which are taken from the shareholders that they invest in and which also gets the results that shows the shareholders get paid dividends each year.   Also marks and spencer has a very long-term strategy because this shows how they can generate their long-term profits for the future.  Ã‚   Marks is spencer is also good for investing in the business which consider benefits for example is opening and creating more products and thinking about services is to get more money from the investors to improve the profitability of marks and spencer. Marks and spencer annual report Profitability for easy jet Easyjet for the last couple of years are doing well in the business market and also overall easyjet financial highlights are that there is continued growth in the total revenue per seat, which is 5.1%, but last figures show it was 8.6% so the change in percentage was 3.3 %. This shows that the shareholder has got a higher number of dividends in 2010 because it is a 3.3 % increase, which shows that they have profitability. Looking at the airline industry it shows easy jet is a low cost airfare airline which shows Easyjet are very well structured in the market.  Ã‚   Easyjet are also in the airline industry shows that the fares are going to increase so the business and leisure activities might decline for easyjet causing them to lose profits. Easy jet annual report Analysis of both companies Making the analysis of both companies and seeing both of the companies profitability it shows that marks and spencer is a business is making more cash which shows it is very good for the investors because marks and spencer have a better return on equity which shows marks and spencer have a better profitability than easyjet. Looking at easyjet as a business it is more profitable for the investors to invest in. Look at appendix Liquidity of easy jet and Marks and spencer Marks and spencer are quite weak at their liquidity because they cannot convert their assets into cash because marks and spencer don’t meet the need for the criteria because the company have invested in management systems which main aim is to reduce all the costs and make a high level of customer satisfaction which shows they are think about their long term goals which is to maintain profitability. Marks and spencer annual report Looking at easyjet profitability it shows that in the annual report it is shown that they are able to use liquidise which shows that they convert their assets into cash. When current situation arises such as volcanic ash disruption, winter snow disruption and air traffic control and this is to show that how easy jet can use liquidity to pay for the current situation but a disadvantage is that they might not be able pay off the long term loans. Easy jet annual report Analysis of liquidity of easyjet and marks and spencer. Looking at both of the companies liquidity it shows that easyjet has a higher liquidity factor which shows they have a higher current liability which tells you about how they can pay off the currents situations and also easyjet has more cash than marks and spencer as they can convert their assets into cash so easyjet can then make payments for dividends for marks and spencer. Look at appendix Capital structure Marks and spencer use capital structure and gearing by looking at all their finances which are the current liabilities such as bank loans, retained earnings finance rent lease is when you rent a shop branch. Marks and spencer borrow money from the bank and then marks and spencer will pay the bank later. Also if the interest rates are high for marks and spencer may not be able to pay of the long-term debts. Marks and spencer annual report Easyjet uses capital structure and gearing by looking at the money available which are all the long-term loans and which are looked at by the finance lease payments. The capital structure reviewed is looked is having the financial resources in place to support the circumstances occur that arise to the company’s which can withstand the company’s stock. These risk show that easyjet take are safety and security and incidents that are having a effect on the reputation, operational and the financial performance of the company.   The other risks that easyjet take is macroeconomic which is the effect of the residual value of the aircraft.   The next that easyjet risk they take is whether competition in the airline that can also result to the losses of the market shares. The next risk that easy jet take is where the impact on easyjet is where in the business market is the cost base and the market share of easyjet.   The last risk that easyjet take is environmental issues which there is lots of customer demand for easyjet. Easy jet annual report Analysis for both companies for capital structure and gearing. Looking at both of the companies it is shown in the appendix that marks and spencer have a higher long term finance which equals the liabilities which shows how the ratio is and how the largest amount of interest charge but there is a bigger risk so in the last couple of years it is shown that marks and spencer are doing better than easyjet. The figures show that the long-term debts to equity show how safely they can borrow money after a long period of time. The figures show they are more than 50% so this states that marks and spencer borrow more safely than easyjet.   The figures show that gearing that easyjet has a higher gearing than marks and spencer so this shows easyjet knows how to finance its operations. Look at appendix Investor relations Investors relations is when marks and spencer is that when the board members of marks and spencer is the main points of investor relations is that it has a good brand, clear plan and also marks and spencer has the people and employers which have very good leadership skills and also it is how the managers motivate the employees and gives the customers something to cheer about.   The importance of investor relations is that marks and spencer thinks about the long-term strategy and plans of the business. The approach to governance report is how marks and Spencers is thinking about what correct steps and decisions to take which are the potential shareholders, managers, employees and suppliers and also the environment.   Marks and spencer take the correct steps by doing the right thing by taking the right point across the business, which shows the correct balances, which is treating customers and supplier with kindness and respect. Marks and spencer annual report The investors in easyjet gives a chance to all it shareholder to have a say against the board of easyjet plc.   The easyjet investor will talk about how the business issues effecting easyjet and also how the relation department which talks about the easyjet which is about easyjet operations and presentations of the company. Easy jet annual report Analysis of investor relations The analysis of both of the companies is that it shows both of the companies are mature which shows that both of the companies have perfect management programmes. The disadvantage between easyjet and marks and spencer is that easyjet and marks and spencer are that easy jet has better researching and development methods in their products better than marks and spencer.   Easyjet also feels help out the investor when it involves the business activities Easyjet also offers and provides more information than marks and spencer such as monthly transactions going in and out which can show investors making the correct decisions in which company to invest is. Look at appendix Corporate social reporting in marks and spencer use in the products which are climate change, waste materials, natural resources and fair partner and health and well being of marks and spencer.   Marks and spencer try to decrease the greenhouse gases that produce and also mark and spencers in the last couple of years have cut down the carbon emissions by eight percent.   Marks and spencer’s have also help customer and employees who has made them choose them for a healthy lifestyle and also their 81% salt reduction on the food products.   Marks and spencer also ensure that their raw materials come from sustainable sources. Marks and spencers annual report and also look at appendix Easyjet in the corporate social reporting is that easyjet use composite risk value, safety management programme and airborne volcanic object identifier. Composite risk value looks at how safely the manager reports to the board, which is marked and looked at the members of the easyjet.   The safety management looks at how to look and identify the potential hazards and looking at all the risks involved and looking at the different changes which effect and the chosen hazards, which they may find a solution.   Airborne volcanic object idenfier look at how easyjet looks at the management systems with the infrared technology which is the aircraft, which is given help to the pilots to see volcanic ash, hundred kilo metre ahead in the attitude. Easy jet annual report Analysis of corporate social reporting of the both companies. The analysis of both of the companies is that marks and spencer shows they have a better way of showing it better than easyjet and also marks and spencer think about how to make the product eco friendly for the environment.  Ã‚   Easyjet has a major advantage compared to marks and spencer is that they main four points which are included which think about the safety of the customers and give the customers the value for money when travelling with easyjet and also think about why to invest in a company for easyjet. Easy jet annual report and marks and spencer and also annual report Analysis of the share trend of marks and spencer and easy jet   The share prices trends compared to marks and spencer and easyjet throughout for the year is at the start of the year easyjet figures shows that there is 20,000 pound difference and throughout is shown in the appendix it has been dropping and also been rising and then went to a constant price buts marks and spencer company share prices have been constant but they have lower share prices than easyjet so it better to invest in easyjet because it shows to the investor to get a better return back for how much you will put in the business. Look at appendix Conclusion As you can see from the analysis above it shows that easy jet and mark and spencer are both stable companies, which are currently in profits. Marks and spencer is a better company compared to easyjet is that in the profitability figures is shows that marks and spencer has a better return on sales than easyjet as this shows is this ratio describes how well the performance of the company is doing and also and getting the maximum sales available. Comparing both of the companies liquidity shows that marks and spencer has a better liquidity which shows that they have more cash in hand so it better to pay of their current obligations.   If you look at the retail industry and you look at the marks and spencer where the major competitors are and also looking how good are those companies are good to invest in. If you look at the retail industry it is current in huge profit so this shows the investors if they want to invest in marks and spencer they will get a higher dividend the following y ear. When looking at the airline industry have to look at other airline companies how are their share prices compared their share prices and also how are doing are losing profit or they gaining profits.   If looking at the share price trend is shown in the graph that easyjet has a higher share price so it better for the investors to invest in easyjet because it is shown that company has a got a high share price in the current market. Easyjet compared to mark and spencer capital structure and gearing show that marks and spencer know how to finance it money properly and also think about how total debts which equals to total amount of the total amount of assets which basically is how it focuses on the financial structure and also it shows how well marks and spencer has a got very good financial structure and also shows how effective marks and spencer’s use it finances which shows how well marks and spencer and easy jet are doing for the last couple of years. Recommendations The recommendation is that the company that I would go for is that marks spencer’s rather than easyjet because marks and spencer has a very good liquidity, profitability capital structure and gearing ration but the major disadvantage is the share prices and trends is that easyjet has a higher share price than mark spencer that is the only factor that effect that gives a weakness on marks and spencer. Investors should invest marks and spencer because it a well know profitable company and is well known internationally and will get a better return on equity at this shows the investor will get a higher dividend per year which is a good company to invest in. References www.investopedia.com marks and spencer annual report 2010 easy jet annual report annual report www.investorwords.com www.riskglossary.com/liquidity www.tutor4u.com/business and profitablity (http://finance.mapsofworld.com/investments) Books references Financial accounting and reporting (barry Elliot and Jamie Elliot Company accounts fourth edition roger groves Accounting international edition harrision

Green Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Green Construction - Essay Example In coming up with green building, there are various methods incorporated by the actors during the project planning up to the completion stage of that project (Nielson, Wolfe and Dave 8). One of the green building methods includes site stewardship. This process of green building is meant to protect and preserve the site on which the project will be set out. Practices such as proper drainage plan, designed storage and loading zones for the building materials are among the practices that will enhance green construction on the site. Moreover, mitigating dust during excavation and construction helps to reduce air pollution. This is one of the green building methods that aim to prevent adverse impacts on the environment. EIA is a management tool used to identify the feasibility of the project to be carried out. This method identifies the effects that the intended project may cause to the surrounding environment and provides the mitigation measures to address adverse impacts if any. This is one of the green building methods that enhance the aesthetic value of the landscape. This method incorporates practices such as identifying vegetation that is fit for the project site and the surrounding neighborhood to bring out an eco balance. It also includes planting of vegetation where none existed and logical arrangement of different infrastructures on the site to enhance harmony between the built and natural environment. Choosing materials for construction can have a tremendous impact on the outcome of the project to the environment. Re-using and recycling materials is regarded as a sustainable approach to achieving a green building as it reduces pollution cost to the environment (Spiegel & Meadows 124). During foundation stage, the use of extruded polystyrene insulation to insulate the slab and the foundation is very vital for heat conservation. This material will assist to minimize heat loss from the floors and basement

Coastal Defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coastal Defence - Essay Example The process of land claim means that it is necessary to exclude the sea from part or all of this intertidal area, and also protect this area from reinundation. Land claim for agriculture and industry generally takes in the higher salt marsh because the higher elevation of the intertidal area claimed means, first, that the wave activity will be reduced by the lower marshes and mudflats fronting the area to be reclaimed. (Yates 235-249) In cases where there are not sufficient areas of such deposits fronting the proposed claim, then the area is perhaps not well suited. Second, less material is needed to build up the newly created dry land. Third, the higher the elevation, the lower the sea walls need to be to prevent tidal overtopping. Finally, agriculture needs good-quality farmland, and the upper marshes provide the most 'mature' sediments available in respect of the processes of soil formation. (Archer 103-120; Knecht 183-199) There are few areas of coastline in the 'developed' world which have not been subject to some form of land claim, defence works, or development. (Louisse 10-15; Fischer 437-447) It has been the tendency for coastal populations to utilise their immediate environment to the full, obtaining as much land as possible in order to increase their agricultural or industrial potential, and to defend low-lying land to increase their security from flooding by the sea. As far as port development in estuaries is concerned, one of the key requirements is that the port itself should be afforded as much shelter as possible. Traditionally, this meant that estuaries were the most suitable sites and, because of the small size of the earliest vessels, many of the early ports were built some way upstream from the estuary mouth. As ship size has increased, so these earlier ports have become uneconomic, and thus many have been relocated downstream, towards the estuary mouth. (Guy 219-248) This has meant that the majority of the world's major estuaries have some form of port development located within them. In addition, even these areas may not be suitable for the larger vessels of today, and thus many estuaries have been artificially deepened by dredging to allow for the increased draught of modern ships. This process leads to an artificial intertidal profile in which natural processes are in constant competition with the alien environment in which they find themselves. (Beatley 1-22) As a result, especially over the past few centuries, many estuaries have experienced considerable modification to their natural ecosystems, which have brought about changes in floral patterns and bird populations. From a process point of view, the dredging and land claiming which have occurred in estuaries have also produced changes in circulation patterns, tidal regime, and sediment deposition patterns, causing further knock-on effects for natural habitats and wildlife populations. (Barston 93-116) The need for coastal defences Because of the need to protect the newly claimed land from reinundation by the sea, it is also a requirement of land claim to install some form of flood defence. (Doody 275-283) This defence is largely to keep the sea out, rather than an anti-erosion structure, and so tends to be more a flood defence measure than a